Abstract
This term paper is showing some evaluation of design aesthetics that we create it. For my topic is aesthetics evaluation in lead guitar on band rock. Lead guitar is used in rock band to guide the song and get some interesting for the fans. To create lead guitar lines, guitarists use scales, modes, arpeggios, licks, and riffs that are performed using a variety of techniques. In rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz and fusion bands and some pop contexts as well as others, lead guitar lines often employ alternate picking, sweep picking, economy picking and legato example hammer ons, pull offs, which are used to maximize the speed of their solos or riffs. To attain this prized sustain effect tube amplifiers such as Marshall are often utilized. The desired effect springs basically from where the tubes, when pushed to high volumes reach their peak and no farther which has an effect of attenuating the attack portions of the signal while presenting the trailing portions of the signal at the same volume as that peak output portions mimicking compressor. The accessory is Capotasto who used to change the pitch of open strings. Capos are clipped onto the fret board with the aid of spring tension, or in some models, elastic tension. Slides are who used in blues and rock to create a glissando or 'Hawaiian' effect. The necks of bottles were often used in blues and country music. The last is Plectrum a small piece of hard material generally held between the thumb and first finger of the picking hand and is used to "pick" the strings. Though most classical players pick with a combination of fingernails and fleshy fingertips, the pick is most often used for electric and steel-string acoustic guitars.
INTRODUCTION
History of Guitar
The thing of music and help the player to get a good melody when play some song. The player also has to a feeling to play a guitar because from that the song will be good to hear although the song has not had a good singer. Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having "a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides". The term is used to refer to a number of related instruments that were developed and used across Europe beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. These instruments are descended from ones that existed in ancient central Asia and India. For this reason guitars are distantly related to modern instruments from these regions, including the tanbur, the setar, and the sitar. The oldest known iconographic representation of an instrument displaying the essential features of a guitar is a 3,300 year old stone carving of a Hittite bard.
The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, have been applied to a wide variety of cordophones since ancient times and as such is the cause of confusion. The English word guitar, the German gitarre, and the French guitare were adopted from the Spanish guitarra, which comes from the Andalusian Arabic qitara, itself derived from the Latin cithara, which in turn came from the Ancient Greek kithara, and is thought to ultimately trace back to the Old Persian language. Tar means string in Persian.
Although the word guitar is descended from the Latin word cithara, the modern guitar itself is not generally believed to have descended from the Roman instrument. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar. One commonly cited influence is of the arrival of the four-string oud, which was introduced by the invading Moors in the 8th century. Another suggested influence is the six-string Scandinavian lut, which gained in popularity in areas of Viking incursions across medieval Europe. Often depicted in carvings c. 800 AD, the Norse hero Gunther, played a lute with his toes as he lay dying in a snake-pit, in the legend of Siegfried. It is likely that a combination of influences led to the creation of the guitar; plucked instruments from across the Mediterranean and Europe were well known in Iberia since antiquity.
Two medieval instruments that were called "guitars" were in use by 1200: the guitarra moresca (Moorish guitar) and the guitarra latina (Latin guitar). The guitarra moresca had a rounded back, wide fingerboard, and several soundholes. The guitarra Latina had a single soundhole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers "moresca" and "latina" had been dropped and these two cordophones were usually simply referred to as guitars.
The Spanish vihuela or (in Italian) "viola da mano", a guitar-like instrument of the 15th and 16th centuries, is widely considered to have been a seminal influence in the development of the guitar. It had six courses (usually), lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist. It was also larger than the contemporary four course guitars. By the late 15th century some vihuelas were played with a bow, leading to the development of the viol. By the sixteenth century the vihuela's construction had more in common with the modern guitar, with its curved one-piece ribs, than with the viols, and more like a larger version of the contemporary four-course guitars. The vihuela enjoyed only a short period of popularity in Spain and Italy during an era dominated elsewhere in Europe by the lute the last surviving published music for the instrument appeared in 1576. Meanwhile the five-course baroque guitar, which was documented in Spain from the middle of the 16th century, enjoyed popularity, especially in Spain, Italy and France from the late 16th century to the mid 18th century. Confusingly, in Portugal, the word vihuela referred to the guitar, whereas guitarra meant the "Portuguese guitar", a variety of cittern.
The topic is aesthetics of music especially about lead guitar in genre rock. This guitar is electric guitar. Lead guitar is one of musical to build a song. Lead guitar is a guitar part which plays melody lines, instrumental fill passages, guitar solos, and occasionally, some riffs within a song structure. The lead is the featured guitar, which usually plays single-note-based lines or double-stops. In rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz, punk, fusion, some pop, and other music styles, lead guitar lines are usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar, which consists of accompaniment chords and riffs, often played with a distortion effect. Lead guitar is the lead in the band. Many bands in the world use the lead guitar. Their melody is powerful and make the song is good. The tune of lead guitar also is helping the player to move their finger step by step. Without this guitar, maybe the band cannot product a nice song to hear.
Type of Guitar
Guitar also has a many type. For example like Acoustic guitars, Renaissance and Baroque guitars, Classical guitars, Extended-range classical guitars, Flamenco guitars, Flat-top (steel-string) guitars, Archtop guitars, Selmer-Maccaferri guitars, Resonator, resophonic or Dobro guitars, Twelve-string guitars, Russian guitars, Acoustic bass guitars, Guitarrón, Tenor guitars, Harp guitars, Extended-range guitars, Guitar battente and Electric guitars.
LITERATURE REVIEW
What is the lead guitar?
Lead Guitar
Lead guitar is the electric guitar who use in many band especially rock band. To create lead guitar lines, guitarists use scales, modes, arpeggios, licks, and riffs that are performed using a variety of techniques. In rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz and fusion bands and some pop contexts as well as others, lead guitar lines often employ alternate picking, sweep picking, economy picking and legato example hammer ons, pull offs, which are used to maximize the speed of their solos or riffs. Such "tricks" can employ the picking hand used in the fret area, and even be augmented and embellished with devices such as bows, or separate electronic devices. The lead guitar line often involves melodies (as well as power chords from the rhythm guitars) with a sustained, singing tone. To create this tone on the electric guitar, guitarists often select certain pickups and use electronic effects such as effects pedals and distortion pedals, or sound compressors, or doubler effects for a more sustained tone, and delay effects or an electronic "chorus" effect as well as electronic reverb and echo for a reverberant sound in rock and heavy metal.
To attain this prized sustain effect tube amplifiers such as Marshall are often utilized. The desired effect springs basically from where the tubes, when pushed to high volumes reach their peak and no farther which has an effect of attenuating the attack portions of the signal while presenting the trailing portions of the signal at the same volume as that peak output portions mimicking compressor. Many player use the lead guitar to maintain the music that the bands play. From that the player can plunking this guitar to make a slow song but have a rock tone. For example Avenged Sevenfold lead guitar Synyster Gates. He has a power to play the guitar. He has their own style to play the lead guitar. Every their song will make the listener have a feeling that hear that song. Their song like ‘Seize The Day’, ‘Danger Line’, ‘So Far Away’ and so on. High volume is also used to induce audio feedback, which increases sustain dramatically. Sometimes, if done correctly by holding the guitar pickups at precise distances from the amplifier speakers such can present a steady, undecaying sound. Electronic special effects employing effects loops can artificially reproduce this as well. A local performance is Man Kidal from Lefthanded band. He is the left-handed play guitar but he had a powerful to play that guitar. Every their song have a nice music to satisfaction of the fans. The fans can accept their song because the music is appropriate and easy to learn that song like “Ku Di Halaman Rindu”, “Kenangan Bersamamu Kasih” and so on.
In rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz and fusion bands and some pop contexts as well as others, the lead guitar line often involves melodies (as well as power chords from the rhythm guitars) with a sustained, singing tone. To create this tone on the electric guitar, guitarists often select certain pickups and use electronic effects such as effects pedals and distortion pedals, or sound compressors, or doubler effects for a more sustained tone, and delay effects or an electronic "chorus" effect as well as electronic reverb and echo for a reverberant sound.
To attain this prized sustain effect tube amplifiers such as Marshall are often utilized. The desired effect, springs basically from where the tubes, when pushed to high volumes reach their peak and no farther which has an effect of attenuating the attack portions of the signal while presenting the trailing portions of the signal (which are normally progressively quieter) at the same volume as that peak output portions mimicking compressor/limiter electronic effects.
Simultaneous to this, the distortion can actually distort itself in fidelity of its production adding a smooth "creamy" effect to distortion when as well the resolution of the usually gritty distortion sound is compromised and the note will almost return to its original configuration plus the desired "sloping" effects. These are aesthetically pleasing to many guitar players and sometimes violin and keyboard players as well.
High volume is also used to induce audio feedback, which increases sustain dramatically. Sometimes, if done correctly by holding the guitar pickups at precise distances from the amplifier speakers such can present a steady, undecaying sound. Electronic special effects employing effects loops can artificially reproduce this as well. Other effects used to embellish lead guitar tone and pitch include the whammy bar which physically stretches the strings, slides used extensively in country music and wah-wah and univibe effects. Also very commonly used are hammer-ons.
What is the component of Guitar?
This is very important to know how the guitar functions and their component. Guitars can be constructed to meet the demands of both left and right-handed players. Traditionally the dominant hand is assigned the task of plucking or strumming the strings. For the majority of people this entails using the right hand. This is because musical expression (dynamics, tonal expression, color, etc.) is largely determined by the plucking hand, while the fretting hand is assigned the lesser mechanical task of depressing and gripping the strings. This is similar to the convention of the violin family of instruments where the right hand controls the bow. Left-handed players generally choose a left-handed (mirror) instrument, although some play in a standard right-handed manner, others play a standard right-handed guitar reversed, and still others (for example Jimi Hendrix) play a right-handed guitar strung in reverse. This last configuration differs from a true left-handed guitar in that the saddle is normally angled in such a way that the bass strings are slightly longer than the treble strings to improve intonation. Reversing the strings therefore reverses the relative orientation of the saddle (negatively affecting intonation), although in Hendrix' case this is believed to have been an important element in his unique sound.
The important in guitar is Headstock, Nut, Fretboard, Frets, Truss rod, Inlays, Neck, Neck joint or "Heel", Strings, Body (acoustic guitar and electric guitar), Pickups, Electronics, Lining, binding, and purfling, Bridge, Saddle, Pickguard, Whammy Bar (Tremolo Arm), Guitar strap and Self-tuning guitars.
What are the Guitar accessories?
Guitar also has their accessories to make the guitar unique from another guitar. Though a guitar may be played on its own, there are a variety of common accessories used for holding and playing the guitar. The accessory is Capotasto who used to change the pitch of open strings. Capos are clipped onto the fret board with the aid of spring tension, or in some models, elastic tension. Slides are who used in blues and rock to create a glissando or 'Hawaiian' effect. The necks of bottles were often used in blues and country music. The last is Plectrum a small piece of hard material generally held between the thumb and first finger of the picking hand and is used to "pick" the strings. Though most classical players pick with a combination of fingernails and fleshy fingertips, the pick is most often used for electric and steel-string acoustic guitars.
Different between lead guitar and bass guitar
Everyone knows what is the lead guitar and bass guitar. This is musical instruments. Lead guitar have 6 strap and bass guitar only have 4 straps. Their melody also has a different tone. Their size also not same because the bass guitar is a more long from lead guitar. The lead guitar is guide or controls the music and the bass guitar is back up for the drummer to make a right melody when the band plays. The lead guitar also has a strong to bring some and the bass guitar is just help the lead guitar and helps the drummer.
Methodology
Methodology is generally a guideline for solving a problem, with specific components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools. In this in term paper we were discussing about aesthetic evaluation lead guitar on the band rock and to be define as art. I do a research from the internet to know about guitar. I also study by watching a video from YouTube and get some information how this guitar bring a lot impact on the rock band. Much information I get from that. It helps me to finish this term paper. I also learn how to use the lead guitar by my friend because he has a band. From internet I get more information such as about the history of guitar and component of guitar.
Discussions
After write an aesthetic evaluation lead guitar on the band rock, I can know how important the lead guitar in rock band. In rock band, their also use the acoustic guitar to match the music that the band bring to the fans. Fans always want the best song to hear. For me lead guitar is helping to interesting the song and make their fans cannot wait to hear another song. To be a lead guitarist must have a skill that will make the band is good and also have to feeling when play that guitar. This will give the impact for the fans to hear a song. In rock band the most important is must have the drummer, the bass guitarist and rhythm guitarist also a good singer. This will be complete to build a new band. A band will not complete if have not enough the player such as like football. Must have an enough player to play a ball or not cannot play the ball. The band also cannot spill because it can destroy the band.
Conclusions
For me the important in rock band is all like drum, bass guitar, rhythm guitar and lead guitar also a singer. Very band have the lead like singer and lead guitar. They can impress the song to be a good song. The lead guitar is really important because this guitar can guide the rock band to follow the line especially when get a live show. They must bring the song to close in the fans and the fans will remember what they give it a good band and a nice song.
References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar#History
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_guitar
• Chappell, John; Phillips, Mark, et al. (2009).
• Jazzology: The Encyclopedia of Jazz Theory for All Musicians, by Robert Rawlins, Nor Eddine Bahha, Barrett Tagliarino. Hal Leonard Corporation, 2005
• Salter, Trent. "Marshall Amplification: Interview with Jim Marshall". Premier Guitar (Marion, Iowa: Gearhead Communications, LLC) (April/May 2003). Retrieved 03 December 2010.
• Bloomingdale School of Music (October 2007)
• Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
• The Metropolitan Museum of Art featuring many historic guitars from the Museum's collection
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